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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Za'im system ： ウィキペディア英語版 Za'im system The Za'im system, also known as zuama clientelism,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://countrystudies.us/lebanon/78.htm )〕 is a corrupt patronage system in Lebanon. A political boss, known as a Za'im, is from the leading family in the country's electoral districts. They manipulate elections and distribute political favours and financial rewards to the highest bidder. A za'im can run for office or encourage votes for another to have another in his debt. Votes are often obtained through bribery or force. Individuals elected to parliament view their primary goal to serve the needs of their local clients, neglect any national issues and use parliament to further their regional-sectarian interests. The Za'im dressed in tailored European suits, which misled many visitors at the time.〔"A History of the Modern Middle East." By William L. Cleveland and Martin Bunton. Published by WestView, 2013.〕 == References == 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Za'im system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.